I am new to Camaro's, and I would like to know How I can find out what gears I have in my rear end besides pulling off the cover. I also want to find out what type of tranny I have. What do I need to do to find this out? Thanks

What year camaro? 1980 (example)?
http://www.nastyz28.com/camaro/camaro80.html

That'll list what should be in there. Plus how to check the code on the axle tube.

You can also see in the drivetrain section how to rotate your wheel and count the driveshaft revs to verify (or disprove) the ratio matches what it was supposed to be.

Transmission:
Look at the pan, then
http://www.nastyz28.com/transid.html